A Little Bit More
Flies (Diptera) only have two wings (one pair) and their second pair is modified into what are known as halteres (hall –TEARS). Halteres beat up to 100 times per second and provide flight stabilization for a fly similar to a gyroscope in an airplane. Scientists have long known about fly halteres but not until this second function of moth antennae was discovered, was it known that other animals had similar flight control measures.
Each moth antenna has touch sensors at its base that provide constant feedback to the brain allowing a moth that is flying in darkness or during any kind of turbulence to keep a straight course. Granted, most moths that we see flying at night in our car headlights seem to be flying erratically but in truth, are in control of their flight pattern. Studies have shown that removal of the antennae greatly reduces a moth’s ability to navigate.
Activities
Science – Our Senses
Objectives: Better understanding of our senses
Materials: Masking tape and willing subject
This exercise won’t illustrate the value of a moth’s antennae for flight but it will show students how important it is to have some kind of “cue” when navigating.
1. Tape a straight line on the floor (at least 8-10feet long)
2. Ask a willing student to be blindfolded and then have them walk that taped line without looking!
3. Encourage the student to walk as straight as possible – stay on the line!!
I think it will become immediately clear that it is very difficult to walk a straight line without some kind of visual cue. Despite the fact that humans walk all the time, when our eyes are closed, it is very difficult to maintain a straight path.
Moths need cues too for their flight. Without the input of information that the antennae provide, a moth is only able to fly erratically, if at all.
Key Concepts
Structures and Functions, Behavior and Regulation
Questions
Do you have a question for a naturalist? Go ahead and ask!
It's easy -- just fill out this form, submit your question and you'll receive an answer shortly.