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Cold Duck on Ice – A Little Bit More

Feeding birds is big business across North America. All across the continent, people put out food for the birds during the winter months and many do so in summer too. The most rewarding part of this activity is probably the fact that birds are brought in close for people to get a really good look. Birds that you might only get a quick glimpse of in their normal habitat come into close range and can be seen “up close and personal”. Secondarily, people feel good about helping birds out during the winter months when food is scarce or at least somewhat limited.

Many different myths have arisen about feeding the birds that may confuse people about the value of this enjoyable pastime. One persistent myth is that once you begin feeding, you must continue throughout the entire winter. Actually, since birds are so mobile, they can simply fly elsewhere for foods that they need. In a normal setting, without your help, they would be traveling about during the winter months hunting for food. Granted, you may be unnaturally concentrating birds in your area with your offerings but birds can quickly and easily disperse if food sources decline. In many cases, if you stop feeding, they simply go next door to your neighbor’s feeders. Don’t let the fact that you can’t consistently feed your birds keep you from this enjoyable activity.

Probably the most important part of feeding birds at any time of the year is that you feed appropriate foods. Although humans consume large quantities of bread, this is NOT an appropriate food for birds. Unfortunately, this is probably the one most often offered to our feathered friends by uninformed people. Highly nutritious, carefully selected wildbird foods are available almost everywhere and these are the ones that need to be used; not scraps from the kitchen.

 

Cold Duck on Ice – See For Yourself

Activity: Science – Local Birds
Objective: Become better acquainted with your local birds
Materials: Field guide to birds and/or online

We’ve discussed some of the ways birds adapt to winter weather. See if you can come up with a short list of a few birds in your local area that do migrate and some that do not. Keep in mind that just because you don’t see them at your winter feeders does not necessarily mean they’ve migrated.

INQUIRY: Here’s a question you may want to challenge your students with.
If you’re able to provide food for birds outside your classroom/home, provide the birds with a mix of assorted seeds (no bread crumbs, please) and see whether any have preferences. If they do, try to determine which kinds of birds prefer which kinds of seeds.

National Science Standards Addressed:
Standard C-
1.Structure and Function in Living Systems
2. Life cycles
3. Behavior
4. Populations
5. Adaptations of organisms
Standard F-
1. Environments
2. Natural hazards

Key Terms Addressed:
Migration
Hypothermia
Insulation

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The arrival of winter in the north brings particular survival demands on the animals living in these areas. Although birds have more choices than most animals and can leave, not all do so.Many birds choose to remain in the cold north every winter rather than leave. Although migration may seem like the best action to take, migration has some drawbacks. Migratory birds often must travel great, often dangerous distances, are exposed to large areas they’re unfamiliar with, and when spring does return, they must repeat the northward journey to raise a family.But remaining in areas where there is cold, freezing weather has its drawbacks too. The most obvious problem birds face are the especially cold temperatures they may experience before spring returns.Birds seem to be especially vulnerable to the cold with their skinny, bare feet. A bird’s foot looks like it’s easily frost- bitten in winter’s snow and ice or that it will suffer hypothermia in icy water. But many birds are able to control the amount of blood flowing into and out of their legs and feet. A special network of arteries and veins allows them to keep their bare feet just above freezing and at the same time prevents their losing too much body heat. Birds have higher metabolism and body temperature than mammals, which means they need to fuel their bodies even more to provide enough energy. Seeds and dormant insects have a high caloric content and provide lots of energy at this time. But winter nights can be especially difficult. With nights from 14-15 hours long, birds are unable to eat for extended periods. Often, you may notice that birds are especially active around your feeders just before dark in the winter as they stoke up on food for the long, cold nights.People have known for some time that feathers are an especially good insulation material. As winter approaches, birds increase the number of feathers and in really cold weather fluff them up to improve their insulating properties.Once you know a specific kind of bird well, you can easily tell when it's adjusting it feathers so it can stay warm or not.If you feed the birds in winter, try to insure there's food available just before dark. This way birds stoking up before nightfall will have plenty of food for a long cold night and those waking with empty stomachs in the morning can quickly eat to restore energy. Maybe you can't help a bird stay warm directly but you can provide food that will do the job for you.